Frankenstein’s savage patterns Essay

It is a common misconception of many thousands of children that have been lead to think it is not Victor Frankenstein but it is his creature that is called Frankenstein. This to me is quite ironic as it is my belief that the monster itself was Victor Frankenstein and not his creation. If the two of their names can be mistaken in society then I believe that this also implies that they have rather similar characteristics as well. Frankenstein creates in himself an idol to challenge that of God, he, in effect, kills three if not four people during his time playing this part, although indirectly. In Frankenstein, Dr. Victor Frankenstein is an inspiring scientist that studies the dead. He wants to be the first person to give life to a dead human being. He spends all of his time concentrating on this goal, and gives up his family and friends. Frankenstein is the single most important novel written during the period of Gothicism. It exceeds the normal expectation of a typical Gothic novel by relating to science, politics, family, alienation, psychology, relationships, education and more. Even so, Frankenstein is classed as a classic Gothic novel because if you think about it nothing would say gothic horror like an eight-foot high monster with sewn together body parts made from other deceased humans. I think Frankenstein was written as a Gothic novel because it was written at the time of the Gothic Literary movement and Mary Shelley would have been influenced by the style of the time. A reason as to why it may not fit neatly into the genre of Gothic horror is because Shelley would have been reflecting upon the development of science that was happening at that time. She created a twist of terror into the concept of the fast development of science while she was writing her novel. In the novel there is a constant theme of alienation and is expressed through several characters throughout the book. Victor, alienates himself to begin with, yet eventually is alienated from everyone he loves thanks to the monster. The monster has a reason for alienating Victor, however: the monster was created, brought into society, and alienated by Victor, his own creator. Elizabeth too feels alienated from Victor who is too busy pursuing his experiment in Ingolstadt to pay much attention to her. Alienation is a theme that returns time and time again to haunt the characters of this book. During the time when ‘Frankenstein’ was written, the women were considered much less important than the men. This is also displayed in the book where when Justine was to be hanged. Elizabeth tried to save Justine Moritz although failed to save her and she was then hanged. Victor Frankenstein, however, knew that he could save Justine if he wanted to, but didn’t want to for fear of being prosecuted himself, as he would have to reveal that he let a monster, his own creation, into the world. This also shows that men are supposedly higher than women because a woman at this time would give up her life to save a man, yet a man would not give up his life to save a woman, shown here, making the men seem of a higher class than the women. The narrative structure of ‘Frankenstein’ is first person, this means that Victor Frankenstein relates his own story; this has both advantages and disadvantages. The first disadvantage is that he does not know what is happening elsewhere, the main example of this being that he does not know what his creature is doing after Frankenstein abandons it. Although it is a disadvantage when reading the novel, this creates suspense in the readers mind, as they do not know what the creature is doing either. When Frankenstein begins his so called work of genius he fails to realise what he is actually doing. He is so amazed by the work of his hands and the sheer brilliance of it all that he forgets to look at the bigger picture, that of total horror, and to barely touch the surface, stupidity. The way Frankenstein went about creating this being was abominable. He gathered parts of the human body from the deceased without any kind of permission. In doing so he creates his creature.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of pearly whiteness; but these luxuriance’s only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and straight black lips.† Victor Frankenstein He believes so blindly in what he is doing will benefit human kind that when he comes to take a step back and look at what he’s done he is disgusted at himself. He uses a contrast of beauty against ugliness to describe him. He expects the monster to know everything when he wakes up cool, calm, and collected. But when the monster is awakened, he does not know anything. He sees a world different from what he is used to, which makes him nervous and scared, but it is not his fault. The monster has not removed himself from his environment; Victor has removed him from dead. And the coward that Victor is he leaves it for dead and runs away in self-pity. Instead of facing the consequences, he left out of unjustifiable hate for his creation. He could not destroy the monster because he had actually made the monster better than the human race itself. Instead he was sure that lack of experience in the world would get rid of the monster for him. Here is when I believe Frankenstein moved one step closer to becoming a monster. In my view there are two types of a monster. One of which is the stereotyped: A hideous creature, being around it is terrifying, it is a monster that cannot do anything about what it is or looks like, yet is not necessarily evil or cruel. The second type of monster is hardly recognisable as what he is to people around him, it, or whatever you might call it. He would appear like an ordinary person like you and me, but it is inside where the monstrosity comes in. This monster’s soul is corrupted by evil and is therefore ruthless and despicable. And it is both of these types of monster that can be seen in Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein; needless to say which one is which.

The African American Achievement Gap:

The African American Achievement Gap: Why is it There and What Can be Done Are Black Americans Dumber than White Americans? Can it unequivocally be stated that European Americans hold more intelligence then African Americans? Are African Americans genetically wired to have a lesser mental capacity then European Americans? For a long time this was the explanation to a burning problem. African Americans score lower than White Americans on vocabulary, reading, and mathematics tests, as well as on tests that claim to measure scholastic aptitude and intelligence. This gap appears before children enter kindergarten and it persists into adulthood. The typical American black still scores below 75 percent of American whites on most standardized tests. On some tests the typical American black scores below more than 85 percent of whites. † (CHRISTOPHER, JENCKS) This test score gap is not an inevitable fact of nature. It is true that the gap shrinks only a little when black and white child ren attend the same schools. It is also true that the gap shrinks only a little when black and white families have the same amount of schooling, the same income, and the same wealth.However, after extensive research, no one has found any evidence saying that blacks have less intellectual ability than whites. So what causes this gap in test scores? Some attribute it to the culture of African Americans. They say that African Americans are uninterested in learning and don’t seek to pursue academic excellence. Some attribute the gap to testing conditions. Some attribute it to concepts such as â€Å"White Guilt† and â€Å"Stereotype Threat. †(Will be explained later) I however cannot attribute it to any one thing. This whole issue cannot be explained by one concept.Rather then trying to describe the achievement gap with one concept, I attribute it to a combination of many. The reason for the perceived gap in test scores is an intricate combination of things such as S tereotype threat, White Guilt, and Culture. On this issue, Thomas Sowell takes the position that this gap has nothing to do with racism or race. Sowell says, â€Å"For much of the first half of the 20th century, these differences were attributed to race-that is, to an assumption that blacks just did not have it in their genes to do as well as white people.The tide began to turn in the second half of the 20th Century, when the assumption developed that black-white differences were due to racism on the part of whites. † (Sowell, Thomas) However, his research showed something different. With his study at Harvard, he noticed that most of the black alumni were either from â€Å"the West Indies or Africa, or were the children of West Indian or African immigrants. These people are the same race as American blacks, who greatly outnumber either or both. † (Sowell, Thomas) This completely dispels the idea of race being a factor. So what does cause the gap?Sowell believes Culture does. His main argument is that the culture from so-called â€Å"rednecks† from Europe caused this uneducated culture seen in blacks. He says, â€Å"The culture of the people who were called â€Å"rednecks† and â€Å"crackers† before they ever got on the boats to cross the Atlantic was a culture that produce far lower levels of intellectual and economic achievement, as well as high levels of violence and sexual promiscuity. † (Sowell, Thomas) Now the most important points raised are that only a third of whites lived in this culture while 90% of blacks live in it.Of course culture fades away eventually but, it has very slow within the black community; especially in the worst black ghettos in the country. This is a culture of counter productivity and self-destruction. Sowell says all blacks are regarded this way. However, the question has to be asked; can this really be applied to all blacks? It really can’t. Culture can be a valid explanation for t his particular group of black people but it does not prove anything for all blacks. Not all blacks are from the ghetto.Some actually come from prominent, stable homes. Some actually come from the same environment as successful whites and Langston Hughes takes a look at some of these people. Hughes also takes the view of culture but he examines it from the view of blacks that are not stuck in the ghetto but have stable backgrounds. Hughes takes the view that blacks are actually hindering themselves. He says that there is a huge obstacle standing in the way of every black person. He actually makes a reference about artist but it can be viewed as any black person.He says the obstacle is, â€Å"this urge within the race toward whiteness, the desire to pour racial individuality into the mold of American standardization, and to be as little Negro and as much American as possible. † (Hughes, Langston) His example is a poet. This poet subconsciously wants to be white because he feels it will make him a better poet. This poet comes from a strong background in the middle class. According to Hughes, they attend church; the father has a steady job; the mother works on occasion; and the children attend mixed schools.However, the problem comes with how the parents treat their children. The mother says things like, â€Å"Don’t be like niggers† when the children are bad. In turn the father says things like, â€Å"Look how well a white man does things. † So in this home and many others, black is not praised or celebrated it is taught to be ashamed of. They are taught to want to be white. It is staggering what blacks do to themselves because of this. Fist Hughes says the more predominant don’t support their own people.His example is that, A â€Å"Negro clubwoman in Philadelphia paid eleven dollars to hear Raquel Meller sing Andalusian popular songs. But she told me a few weeks before she would not think of going to hear â€Å"that woman. â⠂¬  Clara Smith, a great artist, sing Negro folk songs. † (Hughes, Langston) This is the problem with many blacks. They don’t support their own people in anything because they don’t feel it will be accepted by whites and, that is ultimately what they want. Hughes also alludes to how blacks don’t’ support their own until whites do.His example is â€Å"a young colored writer who had been writing well for the colored magazines for some years, but it was not until he recently broke into the white publications and his first book was accepted by a prominent New York publisher that the â€Å"best† Negros in his city took the trouble to discover that he lived there. † (Hughes, Langston) The key here is â€Å"white. † Blacks are afraid to be who they are because white is seen as the ultimate goal. Black is seen as inferior. So can this be applied to test taking? It certainly can. If blacks are feeling inferior then their test performanc e cannot be as good as whites.Hughes is saying that being black is a hindrance that was built by blacks ourselves. But can this still be applied to all blacks. No it can’t because not all blacks come from households where white power is subconsciously feed to them. Some come from homes where black is celebrated. But for some reason the gap is still there but why? Shelby Steele’s position on the matter is based on the theory of White Guilt. White Guilt is a â€Å"vacuum of moral authority in matters of race, equality and opportunity that comes from the association of mere white skin with America’s historical racism.It is the stigmatization of whites and, more importantly, American institutions with the sin of racism. † (Steele, Shelby) Simply meaning that all white institutions are doing whatever they have to do not to appear racist. According to Steele this started right after the civil-rights movement. Where he believes that blacks made, â€Å"the great est miscalculation in black American history. † (Steele, Shelby) He says, we allowed ourselves to see a greater power in America’s liability for our oppression than we saw in ourselves. (Steele, Shelby) This meaning blacks saw an opportunity to get lazy because they thought they could get more out of taking what whites give rather then working to take their own. According to Steele, blacks have been living in an age of white guilt for about a few decades now. So Steele is taking the position that the achievement gap is where it is at because blacks do not have to work as much as they did before. Steele uses the example of a University. There is no way that they would admit students just based on academia because chances are there would be little to no black faces at the University.This university would be called racist and scrutinized heavily. In Modern time, it is politically correct to include blacks in all walks of life. During the Civil Rights Movement, being black was terrible thing. You were punished for it. Today blacks are rewarded for it in many ways. It is good but bad also. This age of white guilt is a time where the black person â€Å"lives in a society that needs his race for the good it wants to do more than it needs his individual self. His race makes him popular with the white institutions and unifies him with blacks. † (Steele, Shelby) This however limits him as a person.This gives him less desire to work hard. What’s the point when things will just be put in his hand anyway? Steele uses Dr. Cornel West as an example. Dr. West was promoted to a full professorship at Harvard, which is a very high honor. However Steele says, â€Å"It was never Cornel West-the individual- that Harvard wanted; it was the defanged protest identity that he carried, which redounded to the university as racial innocence itself. How could anyone charge this university with racism when it promoted Cornel West to its higher reaches? † (S teele, Shelby) So there lies the main point. Dr.West achieved high position by doing less work. This is Steele’s explanation as to why the achievement gap is there. Blacks simply do not have to work as hard as they once did to succeed because the whites are â€Å"too eager for the moral authority black skin offers them. † (Steele, Shelby) Can this explanation be applied to all blacks? Again some blacks are exempt from this. Some take the easy way out and take full advantage of things like affirmative action. However, some do actually work at what they do. But, for some reason, there is still a gap within this group that is working hard. Why is that? Claude M.Steele offers the concept of Stereotype Threat as the reason this gap exists. Stereotype threat is â€Å"the threat of being viewed through the lens of a negative stereotype, or the fear of doing something that would inadvertently confirm that stereotype. † (Steele, Claude M) Stereotype threat can be used to explain the reason that hard working goal oriented black Americans contribute to the achievement gap. When it comes to matters of race, it is assumed that a particular situation is experienced in much the same way by different groups of people. This is especially assumed to be true in test taking.However, this is often times not true for blacks. Steele says, â€Å"But for black students, difficulty with the test makes the negative stereotype relevant as an interpretation of their performance, and of them. They know that they are especially likely to be seen as having limited ability. † (Steele, Claude M) It is not that blacks are in anyway inferior its just a certain pressure is always put on them when doing things like taking test. This is because tests are often given as a test to measure ability, so because of the negative stereotype blacks feel an added pressure and succumb to it.From one experiment- focusing on vocabulary- Steele performed on black and white students, h is conclusion came to be that, â€Å" When black students were told that the test would measure ability, they completed the fragments with significantly more stereotype-related words that when they were told that it was not a measure of ability. † Now the thing about stereotype threat is that it is not like the â€Å"self –filling prophecy. † They don’t think they will perform inadequately and then in-turn score low. Steele says Stereotype threat, â€Å"is something different something external: the situational threat of being negatively stereotyped. So Stereotype threat can be applied to hard working black Americans because it only exist if they care that the negative stereotype is there. So these students actually work so hard to disprove the stereotype that they actually hinder themselves. For one of Steele’s experiments he noticed this to be true. He says, â€Å" Black students taking the test under stereotype threat seemed to be trying to ha rd rather than not hard enough. They reread the question, reread the multiple choice, and recheck their answers, more then when they were not under stereotype threat. (Steele, Claude M) So what this did was make the test takers inefficient. If you think to long on standardized to you are automatically hindering a very good score. So the reason hard working black Americans contribute to the gap is evident. But, like it was previously stated, not all black Americans actually work hard so this cannot be the only reason the gap exist. I believe the gap exist because of a combination of a few of the afore mentioned arguments. Yes Sowell’s point is valid but the culture argument cannot be applied to all blacks.Yes Langston Hughes point is valid but his aspect of culture cannot be applied to all blacks. The same goes for both Shelby and Claude Steele. Applying one of these theories to an entire race of people to explain the gap in test scores will just not suffice. I can honestly sa y that throughout my life experiences that I have seen every theory for myself. I have seen and lived among the people that these theories apply to and I believe that it all culminates to create the observed gap between African Americans and other ethnic groups.Sowell is absolutely correct when he says there is a self destructive, counterproductive culture in the nations ghettos. Everyone I know from these areas thinks that way. They do not like learning; they hate hard work and are content being at the lower rungs of life. So when the children do go to school and take there standardized test, more often then not, they don’t try. They have a â€Å"whatever† attitude towards it. And for the few that do try, they just aren’t prepared because the people around them and raising them have this disdain towards learning.I have a close connection with people who embody the â€Å"White Guilt† theory and the â€Å"Stereotype threat† idea. I have lived with i t all of my life and I can say it has affected me. In high school and even in college I have seen an abundance of students who are whole-heartedly living in the age of white guilt. It’s not that they don’t’ try it’s just they do enough to get by because they know if they make it to a certain point, aids like affirmative action and minority quotas will take them where they need to go. So when it comes to test taking they do try, but won’t stress themselves out over it.Although they are just as smart as their white counterparts, they just don’t see the need to put in the extra effort. Students that experience stereotype threat are just as prevalent. I can say that I fit into this mold. These students do in fact try to hard. They try so hard to prove the stereotype wrong they actually end of proving it. They try so hard not to make mistakes on the test that they do. They try so hard not to contribute to the gap, they actually do. So the reason the gap exist is a combination of many different people that come from different demographics and situations.All of these added together make the achievement gap in test scores. It is clear to see that this gap cannot be explained by one theory. Too many blacks come from to many different situations for this to be the case. So we can see that when these are added up it amounts to the gap in test scores among other things. So how can it be fixed? Just like there is not one factor contributing to the gap, there is not one way to fix the gap. The solution would be more of a chain reaction effect. The problem starts in the inner city where the lazy â€Å"I don’t care† attitude is prevalent.These are the people that create the negative stereotype black people have. So the blacks that are doing better than these people and are trying to do better in life have to bear the burden that the â€Å"ghetto† blacks place on them. The people that apply to Hughes theory are ash amed of them. The people in Shelby Steele’s theory are lazy because the world is trying to integrate them (the ghetto blacks). And the people in Claude Steele’s theory are working so hard to overcome the stereotype the â€Å"ghetto† blacks have placed on them.Until the blacks from the inner city change nothing will. The blacks in the higher rungs of life can’t change their ways, in this case test taking ways, until the burden placed on them is lifted. So until the inner city mentality changes, the gap will forever be there. Works Cited CHRISTOPHER, JENCKS. â€Å"The Black-White Test Score Gap. † The New York Times. 1998. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. . Hughes, Langston. â€Å"†The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain† (1926). † Welcome to English  « Department of English, College of LAS, University of Illinois. 926. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. . Sowell, Thomas. â€Å"Thomas Sowell — Crippled by Their Culture. † OrthodoxyToday. org | Home. 26 Apr. 2005. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. . Steele, Shelby. â€Å"The Age of White Guilt: and the Disappearance of the Black Individual. † CIR Home. Nov. 2002. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. . Steele, Claude M. â€Å"Thin Ice: â€Å"Stereotype Threat† and Black College Students – 99. 08. † The Atlantic — News and Analysis on Politics, Business, Culture, Technology, National, International, and Food a? â€Å" TheAtlantic. com. 1999. Web. 25 Oct. 2010. .

Prone Positioning On Critically Ill Health And Social Care Essay

In my nursing experience, I have worked in both the neonatal intensive attention unit ( NICU ) and the paediatric intensive attention unit ( PICU ) . When I worked in the NICU, our babies were positioned prone ( face down ) for comfort grounds for the bulk of a 24 hr period. Our neonatologists seldom used sedation or trouble direction resources for our automatically ventilated patients. In the PICU I presently work in, all of our automatically ventilated patients are given uninterrupted medicines for both sedation and hurting, nevertheless prone placement is about ne'er used. When I have positioned patients prone in the past, most nurses look cross-eyed at me as though I have done something incorrect. Past research has suggested that prone placement is a curative manoeuvre that improves oxygenation in both paediatric and big patient populations ( Curley et al. , 2006 ) . However, some clinical tests in both paediatric and big populations have demonstrated that there is no betterment in clinical results for the patient ( Curley et al. , 2006 ) . In other surveies, when a patient is placed in the prone place, it has been shown that there is an increased in terminal expiratory lung volume and improved ventilator-perfusion fiting taking to better oxygenation ( Gattinoni et al. , 2001 ) . As you can see, there is assorted informations from many surveies proposing prone positioning leads to break clinical results for patients. Besides, as I was researching, I truly could n't happen a survey or literature that was new within the last 5 old ages. There is a current demand for updated research surveies and information. Hopefully I can carry through and add to the research with my proposed survey.Purpose, Aims, and HypothesissThe intent of this research survey would be to bring forth informations to assist infirmaries develop a policy, process and protocol for prone placement in critically sick, paediatric patients. The informations collected from this survey can add to the literature and hopefully convey current evidence-based pattern to PICUs across the state. Harmonizing to Polit & A ; Beck ( 2008 ) , purposes can be defined as the particular accomplishments a research worker would trust to accomplish by carry oning a research survey. My proposed survey has two specific research purposes.Aim 1To prove the effectivity of prone placement in automatically ventilated, critically sick paediatric patients, related to betterments in oxygenation.Aim 2To analyze techniques in airway direction of a automatically ventilated, critically sick paediatric patient, to find the safest nursing pattern in prone placement.HypothesissFor Aim 1, the hypothesis is that paediatric patients, who are critically sick and automatically ventilated, will hold better positive clinical results related to betterment in oxygenation in prone placement than in supine placement. The void hypothesis is that there is no difference in prone or supine placement in patient clinical results. For Aim 2, the hypothesis is that there will be safe techniques in airway direction in prone placement for the automatically ventilated, critically sick paediatric patient. The void hypothesis is that there is no safe technique in airway direction in the prone place based on continued, critical inauspicious events.BackgroundThe reappraisal of literature on the effects of prone placement in automatically ventilated patients has mixed ideas. Surveies conducted by Dr. Martha Curley and her research squad from Boston Children ‘s Hospital have refuted and so accepted the usage of prone placement in automatically ventilated, critically sick paediatric patients. Curley et Al. ( 2000 ) researched the physiologic alterations of automatically ventilated paediatric patients and evaluated the safety of prone placement who experienced acute lung hurt. The information was collected from a single-center prospective instance series from October 1997 to March 1999. The sample was 25 paediatric patients with bilateral paranchymal disease necessitating mechanical airing with a partial force per unit area of arterial oxygenation ( PaO2 ) to the fraction of divine O ( FiO2 ) ratio of less than or equal to 300 millimetres of quicksilver ( mm Hg ) ( Curley et al. , 2000 ) . The patient ‘s ages ranged from 2 months to 17 old ages. The participants were placed prone for 20 hours a twenty-four hours â€Å" until clinical betterment or decease occurred † ( Curely et al. , 2000, p. 156 ) . After run intoing eligible standards, informations collected consisted of arterial blood gases, critical marks ( temperature, bosom rate and arterial blood force per unit area, and cardinal venous force per unit area. Ventilator scenes and the figure of staff utilized and the clip it took to turn a patient were besides collected. The research workers besides collected informations on the medicine profile, particularly comfort medicines such as morphia and diazepam, and assessed force per unit area ulcers and presenting. â€Å" Features of the survey population are expressed as frequences, mean ( +/- SEM ) , or average with interquartile scopes ( IRQs ; 25th and 75th percentile ) † ( Curley et al. , 2000, p. 158 ) . The survey revealed that when prone place informations measurings were compared to the patient ‘s supine measurings, there were immediate and cumulative betterments in oxygenation ( Curley et al. , 2000, p. 161 ) . The research workers conclude that their survey suggests informations that prone placement is both safe and effectual in paediatric patients with ALI. Dr. Curley and her co-workers believe that this survey provides a foundation for a hereafter randomized survey to look into early and repeated prone placement for this paediatric population. Dr. Curley and her co-workers took on a prospective, multi-center randomized survey from August 2001 to April 2004. The hypothesis of this survey was that kids with ague lung hurt treated with prone positioning would hold more ventilator-free yearss than those treated with supine placement. Patients were included if they were age 2 hebdomads to 18 old ages old, intubated and automatically ventilated with a ratio of a PaO2 to FiO2 of 300 or less, bilateral pneumonic infiltrates, and no clinical grounds of left atrial high blood pressure ( Curley et al. , 2005 ) . Exclusion standards included patients less than 2 hebdomads of age, less than 42 hebdomads post conceptual age, had relentless hypotension or intellectual high blood pressure, cardiac related respiratory failure, and a figure of other medical conditions listed by the writers in their article. Of 8017 patients screened, merely a sum of 102 participants were included in the survey. A information and safety supervising board stopped the test at the interim analysis based on the futility fillet regulation. Ninety-four patients had completes the 28-day survey period. Of these 94, 47 were in each of the groups. After statistical analysis had been done, it was determined that if the survey had reached the planned registration of 180 patients, the chance of showing a difference in ventilator-free yearss between intervention groups was less than one per centum ( Curley et al. , 2005, p. 232 ) . The survey found that there was no statistically important difference of ventilator-free yearss between supine and prone placement in paediatric patients with acute lung hurt. Dr. Curley and her co-workers do non back up the continued usage of prone placement of paediatric patients as a curative intercession to better results in acute lung hurt ( Curley et al. , 2005, p. 236 ) . This province counters the research decisions drawn from Curley et Al. ( 2000 ) . Interestingly, Dr. Curley continued her research by executing a secondary analysis on this information collected in 2006. The intent of this secondary analysis was to depict the effects of prone positioning on airway direction, mechanical airing, enteric nutrition, hurting and sedation direction and staff use in paediatric patients with acute lung hurt ( Curley et al. , 2006 ) . The research workers suggest that their informations really shows that prone placement can be accomplished safely in critically sick paediatric patients. The research workers besides province that they believe patients can be safely assess and managed piece maintained in the prone place for drawn-out periods of clip, every bit long as 20 back-to-back hours ( Curley et al. , 2006, p. 417 ) . In this article on secondary analysis performed by Dr. Curley and her co-workers ( 2006 ) , they province that prone placement should go on to be used in critically sick kids as a enlisting manoeuvre in acute lung hurt to better oxygenation, lessening force per unit area wounds, and decreased bronchopulmonary compaction. These research workers besides province that this is the first survey to clearly show that prone placement can be accomplished safely. After researching prone placement in critically sick, automatically ventilated paediatric patients, I wholeheartedly agree. I believe that this is why these surveies could be replicated to assist formalize the protocols developed by Dr. Curley and her co-workers.SignificanceThe significance of a research survey on prone placement in paediatric patients is overpowering. In my ain personal experience, there has ne'er been grounds presented to my nursing co-workers or myself on whether prone placement is really safe and effectual. As ant ecedently stated, in reexamining the literature, there are really few clinical surveies that would be considered good mentions as true province of the art, evidence-based nursing pattern. In fact, I can non believe that merely Dr. Martha Curley has taken this undertaking on for the paediatric population. This proposed survey will be able to place the effectivity of prone positioning on improved oxygenation in a automatically ventilated paediatric patient. From survey informations aggregation, techniques in safe air passage direction could assist ease the usage of prone placement in paediatric patients of all ages and sizes and possibly advance more positive clinical results. In my survey, I hope to retroflex Dr. Curley ‘s methods utilizing her protocols, with some minor tweaking. This proposed survey should add to the organic structure of literature. The significance of this survey could assist formalize Dr. Curley ‘s protocols from her past surveies and besides assist make a criterion of pattern for prone placement.Research MethodsSample, Setting and RecruitmentThe mark population to be studied would be critically sick, paediatric patients runing from ages 2 hebdomads to 18 old ages of age. Inclusion standards will besides include patients with acute respiratory hurt necessitating cannulation and mechanical airing. Exclusion standards will be patients with respiratory hurt or failure of cardiac nature. Patients will besides be excluded if they have spinal instability or hold had abdominal surgery, as it would non be safe for these patients to be prone positioned. Patients with tracheotomies will be excluded. I would trust to include patients on conventional airing and high frequence hovering airing. Patients will be excluded if they weigh over 200 lbs, as the protocol will merely utilize three staff members to turn the patient, and this may be insecure in a patient of this size. The survey participants will be recruited from paediatric intensive attention units from infirmary centres willing to take part. In day-to-day unit of ammunitions, we would allow the paediatric critical attention doctors determine if the patient ‘s medical position was stable plenty to be eligible for survey standard. Randomization of patients will be done between prone placement and supine placement by utilizing a consecutive figure system. Centers will be provided envelopes with cards denominating between prone and supine placement and assign as each new participant is eligible. A sample size that would mirror Dr. Curley ‘s would be ideal. I hope to obtain at least 100 participants, but purpose for 200 participants. With 200 participants, the hope is to duplicate the original sample size, duplicate the figure of prone-to-supine and supine-to-prone bends, and increase the cogency of the research.Data Collection and InstrumentationFor my research survey, I hope to develop a systematic extension reproduction of the old surveies done by Dr. Curley and her research squad ( Curley et al. , 2000 ; Curley et al. , 2005 ; Curley et al. , 2006 ) . Dr. Curley and her co-workers ( 2006 ) developed a prone placement protocol for bedside nurses to follow in respects to analyze participants. The protocol is attached in Appendix1, nevertheless a brief drumhead is provided to assist assistance in the shaping of informations aggregation and instrumentality. When a patient has been met standards and is designated as eligible for the survey, informations will be collected based on the Pediatric Risk for Mortality III ( PRISM III ) ( Pollack et al. , 1997 ) . Demographics such as age, race, and ethnicity will be categorized. An anteroposterior thorax radiogram, in the supine place, should be obtained to document and guarantee that the endotracheal tubing ( ETT ) is positioned decently in the deep windpipe. The security of the ETT shall be assessed every bit good, based on the establishments current protocols. The size of the ETT, whether it is cuffed or uncuffed, and arrangement shall be paperss as Ten centimetres ( centimeter ) at the gum, as in â€Å" the patient has a 4.5 cuffed ETT, taped firmly at 12 centimeter at the gum † . The turnup of an ETT should be inflated with the minimum leak technique: inflate turnup until an air leak is ascultated at end-inspiration while maintain turnup force per unit area & gt ; 25 millimeter Hg ( Curley et al. , 2006, p. 420 ) . Security of the ETT and arrangement at the gum will be documented after each bend from the supine-to-prone and prone-to-supine placement every bit good as every 4 hours while in the prone place. The nurse or respiratory healer will doc ument whether or non the patient had a nonelective extubation during the bend. In respects to soothe and clamber unity, the patient ‘s should hold separately sized caput, thorax, pelvic, and leg shock absorbers to place the patients while prone ( Curley et al. , 2006, p. 419 ) . The end is to hold the patient positioned prone, with their shoulders, hips and lower limbs supported while their venters has room to stick out ( towards the bed ) and custodies can be tucked under the venters. The existent shock absorber will be difficult to set up, as every infirmary uses different positioning devices, nevertheless, I will offer the thoughts of slackly rolled covers or the Eggcrate stuff cut to the appropriate size. It will be documented if the patient has developed a force per unit area ulcer, and the ulcer will be staged harmonizing to National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel ‘s ( NPUAP ) description. The NPUAP ( 2007 ) established four phases of force per unit area ulcers. The first phase includes force per unit area sores that include non-blanchable inflammation, with integral tegument, normally over a cadaverous prominence. Phase two includes shoal, unfastened ulcers with a ruddy or pink pigmentation, without sheding of the tegument. Stage three ulcers include a full thickness tissue loss. Hypodermic fat is normally seeable at this phase and shedding may be present. In a phase four ulcer, the ulcer is stage three with seeable bone, musculus or sinew. A patient will stay positioned prone for 20 hours of the twenty-four hours and supine for 4 hours a twenty-four hours. The length of clip a patient is prone and supine will be recorded. Ongoing measurement will be done on all organic structure systems, including pneumonic and circulatory. Arterial blood gases will be obtained 1 hr prior to a patient being positioned prone and 1 hr after the patient has been prone. To maximise safety, staff will use bedside nurses and respiratory healers during chances for turning. The respiratory healer should be responsible for the unity of the tubing and turning the patients head, bedside nurse 1 shall be responsible for the turning of the shoulders, thorax and weaponries, and beside nurse 3 shall be responsible for the turning of the hips and legs. The prone positioning protocol that is attached as Appendix 1 which will be at the bedside of every patient for the nurses and respiratory healers to follow consequently.Datas AnalysisHarmonizing to Polit & A ; Beck ( 2008 ) , there are two wide categories of statistical trials, parametric and nonparametric. Parametric trials normally involve the appraisal of parametric quantities, require measurings on an interval graduated table, and presume that the variables for distributed usually for a population. These trials are frequently considered the most power and are normally preferred by research workers ( Polit & A ; Beck, 2008, p. 591 ) . Nonparametric trials do non gauge parametric quantities, normally used when the sample size is little or the information is considered non-normal. Figure 22.5 in Polit & A ; Beck ( 2008, p. 592 ) is a speedy mention for choosing bivariate statistical trials. Harmonizing to Polit & A ; Beck ( 2008 ) , the Fisher ‘s exact trial will be used to prove the significance of the differences in the two interventions ( Polit & A ; Beck, 2008, p. 601 ) . Fisher ‘s exact trial or x2 trial will be used to compare prone and supine groups in their baseline features and results that will be calculated on an single patient footing. Based on the categorical informations, such as the oxygenation of the patient, related to the arterial blood gases, I think a Fisher ‘s exact trial will be the best trial. The accidental extubation rate during bends will be calculated utilizing an exact binomial trial for comparing the rates of two Poisson procedures. For prone patients, Wald ‘s statistic, distributed as a qi square, will be calculated based on results evaluated after alterations in placement. The figure of staff utilized and the length of clip involved in the place turns will be analyzed utilizing signed rank trials such as a Wilcoxon rank trial. Once all information has been collected, synthesized and analyzed, the research will be drafted into a manuscript and submitted to the Pediatric Critical Care diary. Before the survey begins, it will be reviewed, and hopefully approved, by the IRB. Before a patient becomes a participant of the survey, written informed consent will be obtained from a parent or legal defender. Both female and male patients will be utilized, and the exclusion standard is entirely based on patient safety. The participants will be allocated to the prone and supine placement groups reasonably by utilizing random assignment. Complete decrease of prejudice can non be established because it will be impossible for the clinicians to non cognize whether or non their patient is positioned prone or supine. With the assorted placement protocols and adjustments with pressure-reducing stuffs, I hope to diminish the incidence of compromised tegument unity and uncomfortableness. This survey does non object, and encourages the usage of sedation and hurting medicines while the participants are automatically ventilated.

Ecotourism in China Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Ecotourism in China - Term Paper Example Some of the core areas where ecotourism intends to operate are: facilitating environmental sustainability and ecological conservation of different types of habitats that may exist in a certain geographical region. In addition to this, ecotourism pre-dominantly accentuates upon the social aspects and dimensions of tourism, rather than focusing on acquiring commercial and monetary gains only. Different agendas and programs, which are launched and initiated under the banner of ecotourism policies, intend to launch schemes and awareness programs. By the help of these programs, they can educate and inform people at a massive level. This education looks at different ways through which people can play a proactive role in bettering their very own environment. At the same time, it also urges them to make efforts through which sustainable development of environment is possible. Case of Yixian valley and Ecotourism in China The Yixian Valley is located about 450 km from Shanghai, in the south o f Anhui Province and close to Huangshan. It’s famous for "Yellow Mountains", landscapes and pleasant weather. This valley is a member of the global network of UNESCO Geoparks. By the end of 2004, benefiting from very high investments, the region implemented 290 projects in eight key programs. These programs were aimed at the development of ecotourism, organic farming, and preservation of scenic beauty, energy enhancement, water work industry, development planning and transport. The key selection criteria due to which Yixian has been selected, is the fact that it is one of those places in the country where some serious and high level efforts for the development of ecotourism have taken place in recent years. This place has also been a centre of ecotourism investment, even for... The paper describes some of the fundamental organizations which are playing a proactive part and role in ensuring the sustainability of ecotourism in China. An important company to mention in this context is Wild China. This company was founded in 2000 by entrepreneur Zhang Mei, a Chinese native of Yunnan Province, who was educated in the United States. The company decided to help the government of the province to develop its tourist economy while preserving the beauty of places and cultures. Since its founding, Wild China is naturally oriented towards ecotourism. It started by organizing custom tours for individual travelers and has always proposed routes outside areas traditionally popular with mass tourism. It deliberately started its operations in the western provinces, such as Qinghai and Gansu, where no one was operational in 2000. At that time, all agencies were facing east, the most developed region of China. From the very beginning, the company only worked with local guides, train and paying tourists. It was a revolution since many guides in China are poorly paid and are forced to pay commissions to stores from where they take groups. It also marketed on saving paper by printing brochures on recycled paper and refraining from using plastic in its operations. In places like Beijing, they tried to take tourists to areas less frequented and organized meals with the residents, as well as the traditional tai-chi workshops. Since then, that unique business proposition of Wild China has been copied! For them, the goal is not to "make China" but to meet Chinese people.

Analysis of The Christian and Bible Fundamentalism Essay

Analysis of The Christian and Bible Fundamentalism - Essay Example Christian and biblical fundamentalism refers to aspects based on ideologies that oppose the other theories that explain the nature. Scientific theories have been developed to explain the origin of life and the earth. Christian and Bible fundamentalists believe that the earth was created in seven, twenty four hour days. In addition, they believe that the other theories that explain the origin of earth are based on false ideologies. They focus on the creation account contained in the book of Genesis in the Old Testament of the Bible. They oppose biological theories of life and consider the people who formulate them as being directed by the evil. Christian fundamentalists argue based on the literal interpretation of the Bible. In this essay, Christian and Bible fundamentalism will be analyzed in detail. Fundamentalism refers to the total adherence to the values and doctrines of Christianity with respect to the literal interpretation of the Bible (Barrett & Kurian 45). Fundamentalism dev eloped from the late 19th century to the early 20th century, when the protestant movement strictly opposed the application of Christian doctrines to the current theories of science and philosophy. Fundamentalism has resulted to social and economic problems. The development of Christian fundamentalism was accelerated by the protestant movements in different countries. The aspect of fundamentalism developed from the United Kingdom and the United States of America in the 20th century. Christian and Bible fundamentalism started with the development of the social Gospel which was associated with the name of Walter Rauschenbusch in the United Kingdom (Gifford 2). Christian fundamentalists have been found to be extremists since they attribute all their lives and activities to the Christian faith. In the early days, Christianity was based on salvation with regard to matters that related to death, heaven and hell. However, with increased Christian fundamentalism, Christianity has been consid ered as a form of liberation from fear, hunger, ignorance, hell and other challenges that face the fundamentalists in their day to day lives. Christian and Bibl

Regional Attitudes and American Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regional Attitudes and American Identity - Essay Example My friend explained that the Philippine culture is very rich in diversity due to both history and geography. Historically, he explained that the Philippine people are actually composed of ethnicities from different foreign cultures that migrated centuries ago. The immigrants were mostly Malay and Muslim from the surrounding neighbor islands, while later years would bring the Chinese, then the Spanish, and then the North Americans. Geographically, the various mountain ranges and islands act as cultural borders, giving each separated region its own cultural development. My friend is from the capital city of Manila, which he believes is a place where the old face of his home country is being overlapped heavily by the new trends of globalization. He gives high regard to the old ways that place value on virtues, which are close to Western ideas of chivalry and a mix of the Oriental notion of filial respect. However, he also believes that the new ways of thinking are important if his country is to progress and to keep the pace of development without slacking. From how I understand it, this creates conflict between the two cultural perspectives that try to control the cultural plane. Scott and Sherson (1999) indicated that, â€Å"the problem for intercultural communication is that communication is never between cultures per se, but always between people. And people, and the contexts in which they interact, are unique, dynamic, and changeable† (p.4). My friend finds an example of such conflict between him and his mother. He stated that his mother is so attached to the old cultural ways that her methods of dealing with matters are ineffective and inefficient. On the other hand, he notes that his forward thinking and practical methods is taken as an upfront resistance or seen as disrespect to his mother’s sense of authority. According to him, such intercultural conflict exists in his country within homes and even between regions, beliefs

Project Assignment week 5 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project week 5 - Assignment Example Name of design pattern: Data access object Classification: Design Problem: The problem that will be got is that the users will be exposed to complex working and operation of the program. This should not be the case as the users should only access simple interface without any much complications of the system. Solution: The solution that will be applied in the system is the use of DAO pattern. In the system, the use cases who will be involved include making an online purchase, making an online inquiry, and making payment. The use case diagram below show the use cases which will need the use of this design pattern in our case. Consequences The first design pattern that will be used is that of the data access object. Data access object is a design pattern that is used to hide the complexity of the program for the user. Users are not supposed to get the details of how the program has been developed. This is where the data access object comes in. The DAO helps data access mechanisms to be able to change without depending on the code that makes use of the data. It is tasked with the management of the connection to the source of data in order to get or retrieve the data. This design pattern helps users to access what they are supposed to access. Real world example: There are applications that are used in the world today that make use of DAO. An example is Facebook which makes use of this design pattern to hide the working of the system in the background and present the users with a simple interface. Design pattern: Dispatcher pattern Classification: Design Problem: There is a problem when passing messages in a hierarchical model of software architectures that are found in the world today. There is a need to have a communication between the objects that are found in the same tier. Solution: The use of dispatcher pattern helps to send communication messages between objects which are found in the same tier. In the ANDC system, there will be the use of the same use cases l ike that of DAO. Consequences The dispatcher is a design pattern that is used to give the requests of the client to the proper party object that is found on the same level of tiers. The client requests are essential issues that come into play when designing the user interface and large programs. It is important to take care of requests from the client. Both data access object and dispatcher are two design patterns that deal with the users. They are design patterns that concern how the data and users will interact with the system. The difference between these two design patterns is that data access pattern is concerned with users and data. It is more concerned with the integrity of the data. This is unlike dispatcher which is tasked with how requests are handled. It is, therefore, more oriented to the user than the data or how the program operates (Papp 2001). Design pattern: Factory design pattern Classification: Design Problem: There is a problem of having the same collection of ob jects that can be instantiated together. There is a need to have a collection of these objects so that they can be instantiated together. Solution The solution to this problem is that similar objects will be collected and instantiated together. A design pattern that will undertake this process was designed. The actors that will be involved in the design include the customer, ANDC staff, and administrators. There are common tasks that will be undertaken by these groups. The diagram will include all the

Graduate Labour Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Graduate Labour Market - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that in its effort to improve and modernize public services, UK government has created more job opportunities for graduates. Some of the sectors that depict an increase in the rate of employment include public administration, health, and education, construction as well as business and finance. It is important to note that the UK economic and political developments have made the region to be one of the countries that have the lowest rates of unemployment in Europe. According to Association of Graduate Recruiters (AGR), approximately 30% of the UK graduates are highly demanded in foreign countries including European region based on the extensive training undertaken by universities. Despite the estimation that employment vacancies in the UK would fall by 7% in 2010 due to the economic recession, employers reported 8.9% increase in the level of employment opportunities. As stipulated by AGR, more job opportunities will come up while the average i nitial salary for graduate will approximately be  £29,000. According to Gillard, the AGR chief executive officer, the market for the graduate is picking up thus offsetting the negativities of the recent economic downturn that affected almost all sectors of the global economy. However, most of the organizations are not increasing graduate salaries despite the extensive training that they undergo in the universities. As stipulated by Aaker, Online Marketing Manager is responsible for guiding the online marketing team. In addition, the manager oversees the implementation of the effective use of the internet as a way of promoting and advertising of the products. Other vital duties of the manager include evaluation and tracking of online marketing strategies, identifying new online marketing tactics as well as collaborating with personnel who are responsible for developing websites.

Quiz 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Quiz 1 - Assignment Example The act protects people who are 40 or older. Hatch Act prevents people employed in the executive branch of federal government from engaging in partisan political activities. The Act does not apply to the president and high rank officials. It specifies the list of political activities officials can and cannot engage. In this case, Roth sued Board of Regents because his contract was not renewed. He claimed that it happened because he made critical statements about University administration. The Supreme Court had to decide whether this case included the violation of the first amendment concerning the freedom of speech. All employees at Duke Power Company were required to have high school diploma and pass IQ test which was not related to job performance. The court decided that the requirements of the company did not provide equal opportunities for promotion of employees who represented racial minorities. Employers must respect religious practice of their employees. They have to comply with Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which lists their responsibilities before employees. They also need to provide accommodation for the employee if it does not cause undue hardships. â€Å"Loudermill rights† pose a requirement to have a due process before any employee is fired. Employers need to have a pre-termination meeting with employee and explain the reason why he or she is to be fired. The  Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009 declares that compensation should not be discriminatory. This public law is based on the case where female supervisor Ledbetter had substantially smaller payment than her male co-workers who sis the same. The Supreme Court ruled that any discrimination based on sex is prohibited. In the case, Oncale was discriminated by his male employees and had no reaction from supervisor after he had complained about discriminatory action of his

Online Assignment 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Online Assignment 5 - Essay Example This implies that apart from a professional relationship, a personal relationship develops. 2a. The issue of ethics arises in dual relationship but at times the dual relationship may occur out of sheer coincidence. This is circumstantial multiple role played by the professional and this arises out of misinterpretation. In small rural communities the psychologists often have a holistic view of the clients and this often leads to overlapping of social and business relationship that affects the psychologists’ family (Friedman, 2000). Dual relationship can occur when they are integral to the profession. An individual has to play structured multiple professional roles and is prevalent in counselor education and supervision. The supervisor can hold multiple roles as a mentor or advisor. This implies that the nature of both the roles is professional. In such a situation there is no conflict of interest and the relationship is seen upon as complimentary. However, when dual relationships become necessary, the professional must be conscious of the possible harm it could cause. One role can create conflict in this relationship. In their role as evaluators or in providing therapy service to the students, problems could arise due to shift in professional relationships. This could happen when the supervisor counseling a student develops a personal relationship that could be sexual or romantic in nature. In such a situation there are chances that the professional could exploit the student or the client. A professor (female) during the course of discussion with a female student stated that she missed having a man in her life as she had been widowed some years ago (Gottlieb, 1993). The student called up the professor a week later and offered to introduce her to a man who could be interesting. The professor instantly agreed but upon consultation with another colleague the next day, declined to meet the man. 2b. Circumstantial multiple role, present

The issues surrounding Abortion Essay Example for Free

The issues surrounding Abortion Essay Explain how a follower of natural law might approach the issues surrounding Abortion. Natural Law, as outlined and enforced by Thomas Aquinas, says that every living thing has a purpose, and that every solution to a dilemma and every action can be solved by reasoning, which will gain you ultimate happiness. This Is linked with Aristotles idea that everyone has a specific purpose, and the Primary Precepts can help you to achieve your purpose. This is key knowledge to help with the understanding of Natural Law followers views about abortion. Human reasoning in any dilemma or problematic situation should be applied to the Primary Precepts of Natural Law. The two main precepts that are concerned in Natural Law with abortion are The Preservation of Life and Reproduction. Generally, conforming to Natural Law, the right action to take would be one that conforms to all the precepts, however with abortion it is not quite as simple. The first Precept to consider when thinking about abortion from a Natural Law followers state of mind would be Reproduction. The precept of Reproduction states that it is always right to encourage reproduction, and most nearly always wrong to prevent reproduction. Applying this to abortion would result in a follower of Natural Law believing that abortion is wrong. This is because the act of aborting a foetus, or baby, is preventing the act of reproduction, and therefore going against one of Aquinas Primary Precepts; Preservation of Life. Natural Law does not consider the people involved or most of the consequences, but more on the act of abortion itself. Reproduction as known is a Primary Precept of Natural Law, and because the act of abortion stops procreation then it is frowned upon by Natural Law followers. The act of abortion can also disturb the precept of Preservation of Life. This precept states that it is always right to help save or maintain a life, and always wrong to try and intentionally. However this is only if one believes that life begins at conception. Abortion involves taking the life of a foetus that you believe to be a human life, which in turn act against the precept of the Preservation of Life, as you not preserving life, but taking one away. However, there are a few exceptions. Aquinas Doctrine of Double effect applies these exceptions. Aquinas saw the precepts as absolutely true for every single being, and that using our reasoning can bring us to the right solution in every situation. However there are times when in order to conform to one precept, we must decide to act against another. For example; there is a pregnant woman, however for medical reasons carrying on with the pregnancy would end in her death. She has two choices, one; have the baby and end her own life or two; have an abortion and save her own life. The first solution would go against the precept of the Preservation of Life, where the second would go against both the Preservation of Life and Reproduction. In this case it is okay for a person to come to a suitable solution through reasoning, as whatever happens there will be bad consequences. However, this is only acceptable if the bad consequence is but an unwanted side effect of the action with good intent. All in all, abortion acts against two of the Primary Precepts of Natural Law, which clearly makes it a bad action. Even though there are a few exceptions, these are only in the worst of situations, and on the whole, abortion is entirely wrong according to Natural Law. A foetus is not a person Discuss. There are many different opinions and arguments as to when a Foetus becomes a person, and these all play different but key roles into solving many huge arguments. To hope to solve this argument is absurd, however the different viewpoints can be stated and analysed to find the strongest. One way in which to argue whether or not a Foetus is a person is to apply it to the criteria of Personhood. These criteria are suggested by Mary Anne Warren, and are Sentience, Emotionality, Reason, Ability to Communicate, Self-awareness and Moral agency. Conforming to these criteria would mean the a Foetus cannot be classed as a person, as it does not fit into any of these criteria. However, later on in the development of a Foetus it begins to fit into some of the criteria, such as Sentience. Could this mean that a foetus slowly becomes a person? Mary Anne Warren suggests that a Foetus is a potential person, but says that it does not have a right to life, which really does not solve any arguments as to whether or not a Foetus is a person. It is also argued that a potential life, as proposed by Mary Anne Warren, does not have any rights or privileges. This would also mean that a Foetus does not have access to human rights, and the right to life. So that begs the question, if something does not have access to human rights, is it a person?

Inanna vs. Oedipus Rex Essay Example for Free

Inanna vs. Oedipus Rex Essay She wondered: How long will it be until I have a shinning throne to sit upon? How long will it be until I have a shinning bed to lie upon? The huluppu-tree is a metaphor of Inanna herself. The trees growth symbolizes Inannas growth in her own life. When she mentions that she wants to make a thrown and bed for herself, she is foreshadowing her destiny of becoming a queen. This was her first test in becoming a leader. A leader needs to know how to be responsible for something or someone. They need to show that they care and can put forth tremendous effort toward what is important. In many instances through out the story, Inanna showed responsibility and maturity, but this was her first sight of it. After a couple years of waiting for the bark to split so that she can build her thrown and bed, A serpent who could not be charmed made its nest in the roots of the huluppu-tree. The Anzu-bird set his young in the branches of the tree. And the dark maid Lilith built her home in the trunk. (Pg. 6;Lines 1-4) The three things that built their home in the tree was the next test that he needed to overcome so that she can start her life in becoming a woman. When these struggles started in her life, she knew that she couldnt do it alone, so she asked for help. She first asked her brother Utu, The Sun God. He would not help her. So she then asked her other brother, Gilgamesh who agreed to help. He put on his armor and grabbed his bronze ax and entered Inannas holy garden. He struck the serpent and then the Anzubirds flew away. Finally the Lilth smashed her home and fled. Gilgamash then carved a throne and bed for Inanna using the tree trunk. This portrays a strong leadership quality in Inanna, which is openness. A leader needs to be able to listen to new ideas, even if they do not conform to the usual way of thinking. They need to be able to know that sometimes they might not be right, and have to listen to someone else. Inanna knew she couldnt do it on her own, and she needed help. Asking for help was a learning step for her in maturing her leadership qualities. Oedipus showed different leadership qualities as Inanna, which were determination and integrity. When the plague hit the town the second time, Oedipus as determined to end it. Just as he did when he first entered the town and solved the riddle. He sent many men out to find who killed the king and promised the town that he would find this man and end the plague. Ironically, who he was looking for was himself. He was the murderer of the king and the husband of his mother. When his guilt, no longer see those they should never seen, nor see, unseeing, those he had longed to see, henceforth seeing nothing but night To this wild tune he pierced his eyeballs time and tie again, till bloody tears ran down his beard. (Pg. 1 ;Lines 7-12) Oedipus was a very strong leader. He put an exceptional amount of effort and responsibility towards the people of the city. He was determined to end the plague for his people of Thebes. When he found out that he was the man he was looking for, he punished himself. Instead of killing himself, he pierced his eyes out so he has to live the rest of his life knowing that all of his answers were right in front of him, but he couldnt see it. This is why he was a great leader. He had the most power in the whole city and could have easily accused someone else. Yet he punishes himself Just as would if it was another man. This shows a great amount of integrity. He never veered from his inner values, even when it was expeditious to do so. I think that Inanna has better leadership skills than Oedipus because she is more experienced. Oedipus has natural leadership qualities. Inanna was tested throughout her life, which made her a stronger leader. The one part of her life that made her a better leader than Oedipus was when she decented herself to the underworld. My Lady abandoned heaven and earth to decened to the underworld. Inanna abandoned heaven and earth to decened to the underworld. She abandoned her office of holy priestess to decened to the underworld. (pg. 52;Lines 4-6) This shows great leadership qualities. She was striving so much to be great, she never experienced the difficulties of life. So she descended herself so that she can experience the other side of life. This was the biggest step into making her the leader that she was. Oedipus is nothing like Inanna in the sense of leadership. Through out the story of Inanna, she works to achieve royality, experience both sides of life and doesnt help nyone but herself on the way..

Reflection Upon Role Play Experience for Communication

Reflection Upon Role Play Experience for Communication Reflecting upon role play activity experience is an essential ability for all experts to grow better administration and communication skills, disagreement decision and improve future execution. To think back on the play that was directed as group work a week ago has permitted taking an interest understudies to pick up administration and negotiation skill. This paper will reflect upon the part that I personally played in this pretend action, and in addition fundamentally investigate our execution as a group work. It could be contended that our group performed well in general; yet more negotiation, communication and management abilities could have been moved forward. This paper will remark upon the group work, business communication style, procedures and propose likely upgrades in future exercises. Our team comprised five members and were all delegated with a particular role within the simulation. Reflecting upon my role as key negotiator, I felt at the time that this did not entirely suit my personality profile. Largo and Johns (2008) state than ensuring close matches between simulation and real-life personality traits are more likely to produce positive results. For me, perhaps the most challenging part of being assigned this role was working and communicating effectively with our team in a clear and assertive way. Occasionally, I felt uneasy negotiating with other team members who I felt had their own agenda and seemed unwilling at times to compromise. In hindsight, this was one of the biggest challenges I faced in this activity. However, it also allowed me to build my skills and confidence in these areas over the number of weeks we were involved in the simulation. The role that effective communication played within the simulation was of key importance and the chance to personally critically reflect upon this is also as important. Nixon (2014), Johnson and Wiggs (2011) and Peterson (2012) all state that effective communication within a team dynamic is essential. This is further supported by research (Wu Xiao 2011; Peterson 2012) that claims that team members need to employ open dialogue and have clear agendas. To comment upon my communicative style, it appeared that I tried to not compromise myself but be as Danks (2012, p. 24) states a clear and reasoned thinker and communicator. For the most part, our group exchanged information well and it could be argued that we mostly achieved goals through effective dialogue, clear understanding and working as a cohesive team. In summary then, it can be acknowledged that our team communicated effectively throughout this simulation and upon reflection, this clearly aided us in reaching our overall goals. Another benefit to reflection is the opportunity to rectify issues that can impede performance. To improve the self, shows courage, persistence and effective determination (DuPont 2013, p. 69). To therefore reflect upon some of the challenges that the simulation brought to our team, and how we could resolve them, it could be said that effective delegation and time management seemed to hamper us. At the time, our team noticed that it was often hard to delegate tasks to team members. This was often due to conflicting schedules, workloads and other commitments. For me, this was a significant handicap in our team and perhaps upon reflection we should have thought about how to delegate tasks in a more effective and clearer manner. Ellis (2012) argues that delegation can offer significant time savings when accomplishing group tasks, and this is something we should have considered more as we often did not take into account the particular strengths or weaknesses of the individuals in our tea m. In addition, it did appear that we experienced some challenges in our time management principles. In looking back, we had disputes with individuals arriving to scheduled meetings on time, undertaking simulation activities in a timely manner, as well as our team not allocating sufficient periods to successfully complete tasks. These were all significant challenges both to me personally, as well as to the remainder of the team. To reflect on this, perhaps demonstrates the need for commitment from each team contributor to be a key agent of change (Atkins Lowe 2011, p. 19). Having experienced these issues and to critically reflect upon them, it could be argued that our team should have been more realistic about the timing of activities, clearly determining who was responsible and effectively ensure that we could achieve the simulation goals in adequate time. This understanding has been a valuable lesson to me, and in the future, I will ensure that sufficient planning and ample time are adequately factored into group activities. In conclusion, to reflect upon the role I have undertaken during the group simulation project, it can be maintained that a great deal has been learnt, experienced and confronted. In commenting upon the team dynamics, as well as the academic literature that has supported the learning this semester, it can be argued that a new set of knowledge and understanding has been created. In addition, it has been particularly important to become a reflective practitioner and that in undertaking such observations helps to improve not only ones performance but also enhance discipline-specific knowledge.

Stereotyping of Hispanics in Hollywoods Films Essay -- Movies Films E

Stereotyping of Hispanics in Hollywood's Films "[Cinema] manipulates the human psychology, sociology, religion, and morality of the people..."(Cine-Aztlan 175). I has been said to be used by capitalists and socialists as a powerful weapon in the struggle for social justice. In all the Hollywood films and documentaries about Mexicans and Mexican-Americans, none have escapes stereotypes. And it hasn't gone unnoticed. Thomas Martinez states that the "symbolic function of advertising in one level of understanding the racist implications of the mass media, especially regarding the Mexicans and Mexican-Americans"(Camplis, in Noriega 284). To completely understand Latino's struggle for liberation, the term "Raza" has come up repeatedly in the vocabulary for freedom on an encompassing scale. The term is used to incorporate the experiences of Native Americans, Mexicans and others of Latin American descent in this country in the search and struggle for liberation politically, philosophically, and aesthetically. Another term recognizable in the struggle for liberation is "Chicano", which represents the need for people of Mexican descent to come to grips with the elemental fact of their identity..."(Camplis, in Noriega 286). Chicanos and other Latin Americans all have a distinct culture that shouldn't have to be conformed to or assimilated with American "standards". So, Cubans took a different approach to the whole notion of change or be segregated. Cuba...

Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in Kubla Khan Essay -- Samuel Tay

Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in â€Å"Kubla Khan† In â€Å"Kubla Khan,† Coleridge imagines a land where sensuality, sexuality, and fertility abound and share inextricable links. Any threats to the fecundity of the land exist outside of its magnificent walls. Coleridge uses this image of an impenetrable fortress of sexual creativity in considering his own mind, desiring the same productivity in his poetic imagination. By creating this connection, Coleridge finds both a source of inspiration and blurs the lines between the poet and the poem. Coleridge describes Xanadu as a land where pleasure is a virtue, by both direct statement and appealing to the senses. The most direct insight into the luxury of Xanadu is given in Coleridge’s description of the land as a â€Å"pleasure dome† (2, 36). Besides stating it outright, Coleridge emphasizes the hedonistic nature of the land by appealing to the senses. A description of the hills mentions their â€Å"enfolding sunny spots of greenery† (11). These sunny patches both illuminate the vision of flourishing vegetation, while giving a tangible warmth in the same breath. Nearby, a garden is filled with â€Å"many an incense-bearing tree† (9), perfuming the air of the dome. In his consideration of the Abyssinian maid, Coleridge continues his representation of sensual pleasure. Although unable to remember â€Å"her symphony and song† (43), Coleridge knows that any recollection â€Å"to such a deep delight ‘twould win me† (44). This later recollection demonstrates that Coleridge’s vision includes the pleasure of sound, as well as the presence of sights and sounds. Coleridge continues to emphasize the hedonism of this vision, as he purposefully equips the musical maid with a dulcimer. The Oxford... ...nd overflowing with life: the product of sensuality and sexuality. Coleridge emphasizes the interconnection of these elements by weaving them seamlessly into the same lines. In a metaphor in which he consumes the fruit of this flourishing land, Coleridge can internalize the fertility of this land and utilize it for his poetic imagination. Just as Xanadu remains safely distanced from threats against its proliferation, near the end of his poem Coleridge draws a metaphorical line around himself to discourage creative invasions. The supposed history of the poem’s composition lends some irony to this suggestion, as Coleridge claims to have ceased his transcription to answer the door. Works Cited Abrams, M. H, ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York, NY. Norton and Company, 2000. The Oxford English Dictionary Online. 27 February 2008. Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in Kubla Khan Essay -- Samuel Tay Sensuality, Sexuality, and Fertility in â€Å"Kubla Khan† In â€Å"Kubla Khan,† Coleridge imagines a land where sensuality, sexuality, and fertility abound and share inextricable links. Any threats to the fecundity of the land exist outside of its magnificent walls. Coleridge uses this image of an impenetrable fortress of sexual creativity in considering his own mind, desiring the same productivity in his poetic imagination. By creating this connection, Coleridge finds both a source of inspiration and blurs the lines between the poet and the poem. Coleridge describes Xanadu as a land where pleasure is a virtue, by both direct statement and appealing to the senses. The most direct insight into the luxury of Xanadu is given in Coleridge’s description of the land as a â€Å"pleasure dome† (2, 36). Besides stating it outright, Coleridge emphasizes the hedonistic nature of the land by appealing to the senses. A description of the hills mentions their â€Å"enfolding sunny spots of greenery† (11). These sunny patches both illuminate the vision of flourishing vegetation, while giving a tangible warmth in the same breath. Nearby, a garden is filled with â€Å"many an incense-bearing tree† (9), perfuming the air of the dome. In his consideration of the Abyssinian maid, Coleridge continues his representation of sensual pleasure. Although unable to remember â€Å"her symphony and song† (43), Coleridge knows that any recollection â€Å"to such a deep delight ‘twould win me† (44). This later recollection demonstrates that Coleridge’s vision includes the pleasure of sound, as well as the presence of sights and sounds. Coleridge continues to emphasize the hedonism of this vision, as he purposefully equips the musical maid with a dulcimer. The Oxford... ...nd overflowing with life: the product of sensuality and sexuality. Coleridge emphasizes the interconnection of these elements by weaving them seamlessly into the same lines. In a metaphor in which he consumes the fruit of this flourishing land, Coleridge can internalize the fertility of this land and utilize it for his poetic imagination. Just as Xanadu remains safely distanced from threats against its proliferation, near the end of his poem Coleridge draws a metaphorical line around himself to discourage creative invasions. The supposed history of the poem’s composition lends some irony to this suggestion, as Coleridge claims to have ceased his transcription to answer the door. Works Cited Abrams, M. H, ed. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. New York, NY. Norton and Company, 2000. The Oxford English Dictionary Online. 27 February 2008.

Good and Evil in Good Country People Essay example -- people

Good and Evil in Good Country People  Ã‚     Ã‚   In "Good Country People" by Flannery O'Connor, the masked truth is reflected unequivocally through the reality in the story, its equal counterpart. For every good or evil thing, there is an antagonist or opposing force. Each character has a duplicate personality mirrored in someone else in the story. In the story, the names and personalities of the characters clash. The name is the mask covering the personality, which is representative of the reality aspect of each character. When Mrs. Hopewell named her daughter Joy, she was hoping for all the joy that comes with raising a child and watching the child develop a life of its own. What Mrs. Hopewell received was a disabled daughter who lived miserably at home and was the antithesis of everything her mother believed. The name Hulga is also a mask. When Joy changed her name to Hulga, Mrs. Hopewell had made up her mind that Joy "had thought and thought until she hit upon the ugliest name in any language" (O'Connor 299). Although Joy-Hulga chose the name because of its "ugly sound" and how well it suited her, she "secretly desired an inner self that was beautifully unique" (Bloom 99). The name Manley, the Bible salesman, has similar implications. The name Manley includes the word "man," but he is constantly revealed through his child-like acts such as his mumbling "was like the sleepy fretting of a child" (O'Connor 307). O'Connor also refers to him as having sweet breath like a child's and his "kisses were sticky like a child's" (307). The beginning of the story, "Good Country People," is misleading. At first, the story points to Mrs. Freeman and Manley Pointer as being good country people. According to Mrs. Hopewell t... ... the story. Flannery O'Connor portrayed both the good and the evil side of human nature. She also explored religious issues that are prevalent in today's society. The struggle between good and evil and real and hidden truths build the foundations for "Good Country People." Works Cited Bloom, Harold, ed. Flannery O'Connor. New York: Chelsea, 1986. Humphries, Jefferson. The Otherness Within: Gnostic Readings in Marcel Proust, Flannery O'Connor, and Francois Villion. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1983. May, John R. The Pruning Word: The Parables of Flannery O'Connor. Notre Dame, IN: U of Notre Dame P, 1976. O'Connor, Flannery. "Good Country People." Literature: Reading, Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay. 3rd ed. Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. 297-310. Walters, Dorothy. Flannery O'Connor. New York: Twayne, 1973.   

Persuasive Memo

TO: Harri Karvinen, President FROM: Saurabh Mishra, Regional Manager of Sales DATE: 19th July, 2009 SUBJECT: Review of proposal to eliminate STP On behalf of all the regional sales managers and the salespersons in TeknoSport, I would like to put forth this request to kindly review the pending decision to eliminate the legendary TeknoSport’s Sales training programme(STP). Being part of the business for a long time, and from the rich ground work experience that we all believe we have, we feel that STP has been at the forefront of pitching TeknoSport into a position that it enjoys right now. STP has been an integral part of the success story of TeknoSport and there are various reasons for which there is a need to continue the STP. They are enlisted below: †¢Rigorous training before on-the-job training – STP takes the new employees through a rigorous 5 day schedule, adapting them to the skills which differentiates an STP salespersons from the rest †¢Holistic training – STP incorporates the accumulated learning of various salespersons over so many years. This would not be provided by a buddy system where scope is limited to just one mentor †¢Training of long time sales personnel – Currently, there are no programs in place which would train the long time sales personnel with the new products, new methodology and new communication systems in place. This is very crucial for our successful salespersons to adapt to the changing paradigm †¢Employee Satisfaction – STP is one of the major contributors to employee satisfaction in our firm. It provides an enriching experience to the long time sales persons, and to the new employees, it imparts new confidence levels and makes them feel important to TeknoSport. Apart from that, it helps them learn the new communications systems, thus enabling them in better workload management, making them more efficient †¢Contribution to success – Our success has been driven by amazing performances by our sales personnel. Our innovative products are definitely important, however, if not for the amazing skills and knowledge shown by our sales personnel trained in STP, none of our products would see even their first customers †¢Employee Retention – STP has been the biggest factor in reducing employee turnover in our company. If we need to maintain the same, we need to continue STP, as it is undoubtedly the biggest favorite amongst all our employees and has lready proved to be the single most important contributor to reducing employee turnover Instead of completely eliminating STP, we can think of other alternatives, for example †¢Combining STP with the suggested buddy program †¢Shortening the duration of STP †¢Providing STP to certain percentage of sales personnel and then spreading the learning through buddy system †¢Making it biannually instead of quarterly To cut a long story short, we believe that STP has been at the heart of TeknoSport’s success story. Our USP is our superior, highly knowledgeable team of Sales Personnel, which are being churned out by STP year after year. Elimination of STP would compromise the quality of our sales personnel as well as their satisfaction levels and this is bound to have a major impact on our market position. Even though STP requires investment on the part of the company, these investments provide unparalleled long term benefits both in terms of our success as well as employee satisfaction. To cut down STP would be to cut down the driving force behind our success. We earnestly request you to kindly review the proposal of eliminating STP in light of the arguments purported by us and to look into the alternatives. Attachments – Employee ratings of STP, market survey, customer survey

How Matters Stand About Chinese View of Marriage Essay

Usually the couple’s marriage was arranged by their parents in old society, and the couple did not have right to choose their lover. In old society, divorce was immoral. Divorce was injurious to morals, even would affect their future. The couples were forced these pressures from public opinion and family that they could not divorce. Therefore, many couples were forced to keep their unhappy marriage all their live. As the progress of the society, present people have changed their ideas about marriage. They will not be forced from public opinion. They have right to choose their own love. Present Chinese are no longer bound by the old concept. They can follow their own will to find their own happiness. When their marriages are unhappy, they do not think about the pressure from public opinion to divorce. Naturally, the divorced rate in the present is higher than past. Present society give people a lot of freedoms, and give people more choices. Increasing of divorced rate is become normal. On the one hand, it reflects the progress of social civilization; conversely, what are present people seek the love and how do the people view about marriage? Through two aspects by women and men, maybe people can understand present’s Chinese view of marriage. Many women seek their lover and measure the men is good or not, they are just through the men’s wealth and position. Therefore, the women go into wealth life but poor life of the mind. A man’s wealth and position can improve this man’s ability. However they cannot represent completely all of the man. Women compare looking for boyfriends to buy stock share. They hope their boyfriends are potential stocks and hope their boyfriends become good performance stocks in the future. However, looking for this kind man, it exists huge risk. There is an old Chinese saying goes, a woman are afraid of marrying the wrong man. Even if the woman wipes her eye for looking for her boyfriend, they are still disappointed frequently. The results make them want to look for new lover. The men look for girlfriend as buying stock share. Most men recognize first they look for girlfriend because of the woman’s good looking. It is good thing for women have a good looking. However, everyone will be old, and nobody can keep their good looking all of their life. Good looking looks like a stock share that will become devaluated. In fact, a man lives with a good looks woman for whole life. Finally, the man will feel tiresome to face the woman who was even good looks someday. Someone has more high expectations for his or her loves; he or she will disappoint more about his or her marriage. Before the couples marry, everyone wants to show his or her partner the best side, and they have a high forgiveness and tolerance to their partner. However, after they marry, they lose a lot forgiveness and tolerance to each other. Then, they will have more disputes and complained. Finally, they will face separation and divorce. There are very famous writer ever said in China,† marriage is like a siege, the people outside of the city want to go in, in the same time, the men inside the city want to get out. † This sentence is best life’s portrayal for present couples. However, people should believe the everlasting love. The society is progressing; the human being is developing, in such great time, men should choose their partner resonantly. Everyone should ask for himself or herself: do you love your lover? What do you like your lover? Can you live with your lover for whole life? In the present society, most people believe true love still exist in the life. Actually, true love is in everyone’s heart. If you pay your love sincerely, and pursue your love constantly, your true love will be found in the end by you. If you love your lover truly, and you will try to pay for your happy life, everlasting love will be in your side. Believing yourself, where has love, happiness is in there. In the other words, when you have a positive View of Marriage, you will have a happy marriage. . A) what is the Sapir-Whorf Theory? Useful, important or not? The Sapir-Whorf theory â€Å"The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is a theory put forward by the American anthropological linguists Sapir and Whorf (and also a belief held by some scholars). It states that the way people view the world is determined wholly or partly by the structure of their native language. (2) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two pa rts. i. e. linguistic determinism and relativism. Whorf proposed first that all higher levels of thinking are dependent on language. Or put it more bluntly. Languages determine thought, i. e. the notion of linguistic determinism. Because languages differ in many ways, Whorf also believed that speakers of different language perceive and experience the world differently, i. e. relative to their linguistic background, hence the notion of linguistic relativism. † I think it is useful. When people learn second language, people can understand very clearly that if you want to learn very well, you should learn grammar, memory the words and the sentences, and you should learn the background of the culture too. Therefore, through The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, it teaches people how to learn a new language very well that people are not only memorize the words and the sentences, but also people should learn the culture of the language. B) what is a culture universal? Cultural universals are anything that is part of every culture, but varies from culture to culture. For example, marriage, most of the people will marry, but different country or different area has different culture of marriage. C) What were they actually thinking about naming the seven dwarfs? In this story, the seven dwarfs’ names are Doc, Bashful, Sleepy, Sneezy, Happy, Dopey, and Grumpy. Their names represent their each characteristic. Happy represent he is hopeful and he likes laughing. Doc seems he knows everything, so he is their leader. Therefore, through their name, people can easily know everyone characteristic. D) Why do most people obey most of their culture’s norms most of the time? Because the family and society direct influence, most people usually obey most of their cultures norms. A culture’s norms represent a nation civilization culture. Cultural norms can alter the expression of aggressive behavior. So, people obey their culture’s norms most of the time that are good for the people having a positive view of life. It is positive for people’s lives. However, if we judge other people whose ways of showing emotions are different according to our own cultural norms, we may make the mistake of â€Å"reading† the other person incorrectly. 3. Nature vs. Nurture in here Some people think the intelligence is from nature, some people think the intelligence is from nurture. In China there are words that are â€Å"human nature is kind at the beginning of human being’s lives. I think the environment and experience where people live are most important than other factors. Only through eating education between China and American, people can find the difference between Chinese children and American children. Chinese attach importance to eat. The old saying in China is â€Å"people regard food as their pr ime want; food is the necessity of human. † Chinese parents love their children, especially on meal. First, they just want their children eat more, and the kids eat more their parents will be more glad, but the parents don’t care about whether or not their children like it, and the children have been full. The parents coax their children to eat more. Moreover, when children don’t want eat and go to play, their grandparents try to reach behind the children for feeding them. American parents concerned with their children eating too, but they are not as good as Chinese parents. I have never seen American parents always feed their children. They let their children eating by themselves, and do not care about their clothes are going to be dirty. American parents do not force their children for eating. They know vegetables are good for their children’s healthy. They ask for their kids to eating, but if their kids insist not to eat, they will not force them again. They do not very care about whether or not their kids are full. I have never seen American family that when their children are full, the parents coax their children eating more. The kids just put the silver then left the dining table. American parents’ attitudes and way of their kids eating reflect a core objective of children education in the United States. That is, the parents train their children ability of independent thinking. The kids can decide which food they like and do not like, or make sure they are hungry or full. Because the kid is fond of play, he or she misses time for eating. He or she will bear the consequences by themselves that he or she will be hungry. That is themselves choice. When the kids really fell unwell with hungry, they will do not repeat doing that. American likes to say that making mistakes is an essential process when the kids grow up. The basis of this concept is that American parents think that they are equal between the parents and their children. They respect their kids’ thinking, Even though the thinking is insignificant. American parents think that their children’s lives belong to themselves, and they can control their live by themselves. No matter now or the future. Therefore, American parents train their children capacity for independent living from early age. Therefore, the children do not want eating vegetable; they can do not eat it. When children say they are full, they can do not eat anymore. About American parents do these ways for their children, Chinese parents think American parent do not care about their children’s state of be hungry or full and state of nutrition, even fell the parents mistreat their children. From another standpoint, Chinese parents think the kids are so young. They lack experience of their live. The children do not have ability to make a correct choose. Therefore, Chinese parent think they must represent their children to make a correct choose. It is not correct that children do not like eating vegetable. The parents must force their children eat it. When the children have just eaten a little bit, and then say they are full, the parent must force their kids eat more until the parents fell their kids have been full. Chinese parents always think the children know things a little. The parents cannot allow their children do anything that the parent think are wrong. Chinese parent think if they agree their children who do not want for eat or do not like this kind food, they will be a poor diet even die. American and Chinese kids grow up in two different living environments, so they made they have a very different character. When they were kids, American children knew what they need, what they want, whether or not be full. When Chinese kids were young, they know that adult know more than them. Therefore they should obey their parents. American kids believe in speaking their mind. When they are full, they say they are full. If they do not like vegetable, they do not eat it. They are confidence by themselves, and they know their parents trust them enough. Chinese kids know it is wrong to cheat their parent. Sometimes even though they said are true, they are still not easy be trust by their parents. So they only can do with their parents requested. In the result, when the two countries kids are grow up. American kids prefer saying, I know, I will. Chinese kids prefer saying: I obey. I am my parents’ darling kids. American kids eat are not good than Chinese kids. American kids like to live by themselves. They have more ideas that belong to themselves than Chinese kids. Finally, they can invent a lot of new things. Chinese only can do that their boss demand. All in all, I think environment shape personality. There is no person who bore clever absolutely. The person’s environment and experience decide his or her level of intelligence. 4. The film The Gods Must Be Crazy. How and why do they relate to the course? Be complete. It is a movie with not only entertaining but also education. The movie comes into our eyes with a Bushmen and a narrator tells us what kind of people they are: friendly and without any knowledge about the world not far from their Kalahari desert. When they see a plane they think it is a strange bird or even a god. One day a pilot throws a glass bottle out of his airplane and the thing is found by the Bushmen. They have never seen anything that smooth and hard as this object and they find it very useful. They think it is a gift from the gods. The problem is that the gods have given only one objected and for the first time they have to share something that is very hard to share. For the first time they feel emotions such as anger and jealousy. It is decided that the thing is an Evil Thing and must be thrown off the earth and Xixo one to do that. In the meanwhile we have met Andrew in the bushes playing cards. We don’t know how all these stories come together but that is not a bad thing. It only to show us the differences between people, In the heart the most gentle place is undergone thoroughly Soviet sincere and nicely is being moved. We have the most beautiful chaste mind originally, was we lost it. We have chosen our comfortable life, as far as possible seizes us to need, therefore gave up pure and happy. We chose have siege oneself in the lock with the wall in, was defending our property, the thin number, has while convenient locked our heart. Therefore we gave up free and the natural air. We chose the style of speaking to be graceful, have an easy-going manner. But simultaneously we gave oneself have taken to bring with the serious social shackles. These days high ground are extravagant, enjoyed sunlight and the sentimental day recklessly is discarded crazily by us. In the primitive clan and tribe the human is simple, is good, between human and human harmony happiness, this is one kind of near ideal paradise countryside madrigal -like life. Because but we also watch in the movie triumphant to be unable with the outside person to communicate, has brought many â€Å"the trouble†. Inside this has a question to have to ponder similarly, how â€Å"they† should both maintain own fine tradition in the modern society, and can integrate to in the world which changes with each new day? At the same time, undeniable, the civilized step needs to continue to make great strides forward; On the other hand, the modern civilization cannot become buries human own sharp weapon, therefore while humanity more and more civilize, must maintain humanity’s natural disposition.